在VBA中运行批处理代码以在运行模式下打开特定的Access数据库文件

Question

如何在MS Access的shell语句中运行以下代码？

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office14\msaccess.exe" "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/LabelsNewRelease.accdb" /runtime 

它正常工作，在一个批处理文件。 我试了3个小时才得到这个工作，我有麻烦

Answer 1

因为要根据接入会话中运行VBA代码，你可以使用SysCmd(acSysCmdAccessDir)来确定MSACCESS.EXE所在的文件夹。这意味着您不必为多个Access版本和32位与64位路径硬编码文件路径，然后使用Dir()来检查MSACCESS.EXE是否存在那里。

这里是从即时窗口会工作的例子在Access 2010：

strExe = SysCmd(acSysCmdAccessDir) & "MSACCESS.EXE" 
strDb = "C:\share\Access\Database2.accdb" 

strCommandLine = """" & strExe & """ """ & strDb & """ /runtime" 
Debug.Print strCommandLine 
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office14\MSACCESS.EXE" "C:\share\Access\Database2.accdb" /runtime 

Shell strCommandLine, vbMaximizedFocus 

当你适应，作为一个VBA程序，它会比你现在有什么简单。而且它更灵活，因为您无需指定在哪里可以找到MSACCESS.EXE;这是在运行时自动发现的。

Answer 2

我想通了。这是我使用的代码。 （请注意，我改变了Access数据库文件。

If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office15\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office15\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office14\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office14\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office12\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office12\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office15\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office15\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office11\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office11\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 
If Not Len(Dir("C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\root\office15\msaccess.exe", vbDirectory)) = 0 Then 
Call Shell(Chr$(34) & "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office 15\root\office15\msaccess.exe" & Chr$(34) & " " & Chr$(34) & "http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb" & Chr$(34) & " /runtime", vbMaximizedFocus) 
End If 

Answer 3

不知道你是如何计算“它不工作”当你将命令传递到外壳像dbmitch的回答后，并像dbmitch在演示用引号括起来这个帖子，但很高兴你得到它的工作。:)

另外，因为定位每一个可能的路径访问显然是一个要求，为什么不直接使用迪尔找到它呢？由于Office16（32位）路径为“\ Program Files（x86）\ Microsoft Office \ root \ Office16 \ MSACCESS.EXE”，Office 17可能会有所不同，这将有助于防止错误并验证您的代码。如果你创建一个Shell对象并调用.Exec方法，你可以得到Command的DIR函数的输出（不是VBA的DIR函数...... 2个非常不同的野兽！）。这将是访问的路径。这还可以防止用户将Access/Office安装在默认位置以外的任何错误。

Dim oShell As Object 'New WshShell 
Dim cmd As Object 'WshExec 
Dim strPath as String 'Path to Access 
Const WshRunning = 0 

On Error GoTo wshError 

Set oShell = CreateObject("Wscript.Shell") 
'Note the two double quotes "". This causes VBA to insert one double quote. 
'Its a little cleaner than " & Chr$(34) & " 
'http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9024724/how-do-i-put-double-quotes-in-a-string-in-vba/38456820 
Set cmd = oShell.Exec("cmd /c ""dir c:\*MSACCESS.EXE /a:-d /b /d /s""") 
Do While cmd.Status = WshRunning 
    'Do nothing 
    DoEvents 
Loop 

strPath = cmd.StdOut.ReadAll 
If strPath="" Then 
    MsgBox "Access was not found." 
    Exit Sub 
End If 

'We now have the path to Access so pass it to shell like you've done 
Call Shell("""" & strPath & """" & _ 
    " ""http://stoneplastics/Departments/Quality/Databases/ItemInspectionInstructionPrintOutRev3.accdb"" /runtime" _ 
    , vbMaximizedFocus) 

Set oShell = Nothing 
Set cmd = Nothing 
Exit sub 

wshError: 
On Error Resume Next 
Msgbox cmd.StdErr.ReadAll 
Resume Next