MS Access，获得四分位数（百分比）

Question

我需要在按年份和队列对记录（值）进行排序的查询中调用此函数。例如：在第一年是第一年，队列A是队列A的情况下，给出队列A的值的最小值，最大值，中间值和四分位数。
您可以说明我将如何在查询设计中应用此函数吗？谢谢

Public Function GetQuartile(_ 
    ByVal strTable As String, _ 
    ByVal strField As String, _ 
    ByVal bytQuartile As Byte, _ 
    Optional ByVal bytMethod As Byte, _ 
    Optional ByVal strFilter As String) _ 
    As Double 

    ' strTable : Name of the table/query to analyze. 
    ' strField : Name of the field to analyze. 
    ' bytQuartile: Which min/max or median/quartile to calculate. 
    ' bytMethod: Method for calculation of lower/higher quartile. 
    ' strFilter: Optional filter expression. 
    ' 
    ' Returns: 
    ' Minimum, maximum, median or upper/lower quartile 
    ' of strField of strTable filtered on strFilter. 
    ' 
    ' 2006-03-05. Cactus Data ApS, CPH. 


' Reference for methods for calculation as explained here: 
' http://www.daheiser.info/excel/notes/noteh.pdf 
' Note: Table H-4, p. 4, has correct data for dataset 1-96 while 
' datasets 1-100 to 1-97 actually are datasets 1-99 to 1-96 
' shifted one column left. 
' Thus, the dataset 1-100 is missing. 
' 
' Method 3b is not implemented as no one seems to use it. 
' Neither are no example data given. 
' 
' Further notes on methods here: 
' http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/60969.html 
' http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/manual/quartiles_iTSS.pdf 
' 
' Data must be in ascending order by strField. 


' L: Q1, Lower quartile. 
' H: Q3, Higher quartile. 
' M: Q2, Median. 
' n: Count of elements. 
' p: Calculated position of quartile. 
' j: Element of dataset. 
' g: Decimal part of p 
' to be used for interpolation between j and j+1. 

' Basic operation. 
' Constant values mimic those of Excel's Quartile() function. 

' Find median. 
Const cbytQuartMedian    As Byte = 2 
' Find lower (first) quartile. 
Const cbytQuartLow    As Byte = 1 
' Find upper (third) quartile. 
Const cbytQuartHigh    As Byte = 3 
' Find minimum value. 
Const cbytQuartMinimum   As Byte = 0 
' Find maximum value. 
Const cbytQuartMaximum   As Byte = 4 

' Define default operation. 
Const cbytQuartDefault = cbytQuartMedian 

' Quartile calculation methods. 

' Step. Mendenhall and Sincich method. 
' SAS #3. 
' Round up to actual element of dataset. 
' L: -Int(-n/4) 
' H: n-Int(-n/4) 
Const cbytMethodMendenhallSincich As Byte = 1 

' Average step. 
' SAS #5, Minitab (%DESCRIBE), GLIM (percentile). 
' Add bias of one or two on basis of n/4. 
' L: (Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1 
' H: n-(Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1 
Const cbytMethodAverage   As Byte = 2 

' Nearest integer to np. 
' SAS #2. 
' Round to nearest integer on basis of n/4. 
' L: Int((n+2)/4) 
' H: n-Int((n+2)/4) 
' Note: 
' Reference contains an error in example data. 
' Dataset 1-100 to 1-97 (is really 1-99 to 1-96!) should read: 
' 25 25 24 24 
Const cbytMethodNearestInteger As Byte = 3 

' Parzen method. 
' Method 1 with interpolation. 
' SAS #1. 
' L: n/4 
' H: 3n/4 
Const cbytMethodParzen   As Byte = 4 

' Hazen method. 
' Values midway between method 1 steps. 
' GLIM (interpolate). 
' Add bias of 2, don't round to actual element of dataset. 
' L: (n+2)/4 
' H: 3(n+2)/4 
Const cbytMethodHazen    As Byte = 5 

' Weibull method. 
' SAS #4. Minitab (DECRIBE), SPSS, BMDP. 
' Add bias of 1, don't round to actual element of dataset. 
' L: (n+1)/4 
' H: 3(n+1)/4 
Const cbytMethodWeibull   As Byte = 6 

' Freund, J. and Perles, B., Gumbell method. 
' S-PLUS, R, Excel, Star Office Calc. 
' Add bias of 3, don't round to actual element of dataset. 
' L: (n+3)/4 
' H: (3n+1)/4 
Const cbytMethodFreundPerles  As Byte = 7 

' Median Position. 
' Median unbiased. 
' L: (3n+5)/12 
' H: (9n+7)/12 
Const cbytMethodMedianPosition As Byte = 8 

' Bernard and Bos-Levenbach. 
' L: (n/4)+0.4 
' H: (3n/4)/+0.6 
' Note: 
' Reference claims L to be (n/4)+0.31. 
Const cbytMethodBernardLevenbach As Byte = 9 

' Blom's Plotting Position. 
' Better approximation when the distribution is normal. 
' L: (4n+7)/16 
' H: (12n+9)/16 
Const cbytMethodBlom    As Byte = 10 

' Moore's first method. 
' Add bias of one half step. 
' L: (n+0.5)/4 
' H: n-(n+0.5)/4 
Const cbytMethodMoore1   As Byte = 11 

' Moore's second method. 
' Add bias of one or two steps on basis of (n+1)/4. 
' L: (Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1 
' H: n-(Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1 
Const cbytMethodMoore2   As Byte = 12 

' John Tukey's method. 
' Include median from odd dataset in dataset for quartile. 
' L: (1-Int(-n/2))/2 
' H: n-(1-Int(-n/2))/2 
Const cbytMethodTukey    As Byte = 13 

' Moore and McCabe (M & M), variation of John Tukey's method. 
' TI-83. 
' Exclude median from odd dataset in dataset for quartile. 
' L: (Int(n/2)+1)/2 
' H: n-(Int(n/2)+1)/2 
Const cbytMethodTukeyMM   As Byte = 14 

' Additional variations between Weibull's and Hazen's methods, from 
' (i-0.000)/(n+1.00) 
' to 
' (i-0.500)/(n+0.00) 
' 
' Variation of Weibull. 
' L: n(n/4-0)/(n+1) 
' H: n(3n/4-0)/(n+1) 
Const cbytMethodModWeibull  As Byte = 15 
' Variation of Blom. 
' L: n(n/4-3/8)/(n+1/4) 
' H: n(3n/4-3/8)/(n+1/4) 
Const cbytMethodModBlom   As Byte = 16 
' Variation of Tukey. 
' L: n(n/4-1/3)/(n+1/3) 
' H: n(3n/4-1/3)/(n+1/3) 
Const cbytMethodModTukey   As Byte = 17 
' Variation of Cunnane. 
' L: n(n/4-2/5)/(n+1/5) 
' H: n(3n/4-2/5)/(n+1/5) 
Const cbytMethodModCunnane  As Byte = 18 
' Variation of Gringorten. 
' L: n(n/4-0.44)/(n+0.12) 
' H: n(3n/4-0.44)/(n+0.12) 
Const cbytMethodModGringorten  As Byte = 19 
' Variation of Hazen. 
' L: n(n/4-1/2)/n 
' H: n(3n/4-1/2)/n 
Const cbytMethodModHazen   As Byte = 20 


' Define default method to calculate quartiles. 
Const cbytMethodDefault = cbytMethodFreundPerles 

Static dbs  As DAO.Database 
Static rst  As DAO.Recordset 

Dim strSQL  As String 
Dim lngNumber As Long 
Dim dblPosition As Double 
Dim lngPosition As Long 
Dim dblInterpol As Double 
Dim dblValueOne As Double 
Dim dblValueTwo As Double 
Dim dblQuartile As Double 

' Use default calculation if choice of calculation is outside range. 
If bytQuartile > 4 Then 
    bytQuartile = cbytQuartDefault 
End If 
' Use default method if choice of method is outside range. 
If bytMethod = 0 Or bytMethod > 20 Then 
    bytMethod = cbytMethodDefault 
End If 

If dbs Is Nothing Then 
    Set dbs = CurrentDb() 
End If 

If Len(strTable) > 0 And Len(strField) > 0 Then 
    strSQL = "SELECT [" & strField & "] FROM [" & strTable & "] " 
    strSQL = strSQL & "WHERE ([" & strField & "] Is Not Null) " 
    If Len(strFilter) > 0 Then 
    strSQL = strSQL & "AND (" & strFilter & ") " 
    End If 
    strSQL = strSQL & "ORDER BY [" & strField & "];" 

    Set rst = dbs.OpenRecordset(strSQL) 

    With rst 
    If Not .EOF = True Then 
     If bytQuartile = cbytQuartMinimum Then 
     ' No need to count records. 
     lngNumber = 1 
     Else 
     ' Count records. 
     .MoveLast 
     lngNumber = .RecordCount 
     End If 
     Select Case bytQuartile 
     Case cbytQuartMinimum 
      ' Current record is first record. 
      ' Read value of this record. 
     Case cbytQuartMaximum 
      ' Current record is last record. 
      ' Read value of this record. 
     Case cbytQuartMedian 
      ' Locate position of median. 
      dblPosition = (lngNumber + 1)/2 
     Case cbytQuartLow 
      Select Case bytMethod 
      Case cbytMethodMendenhallSincich 
       dblPosition = -Int(-lngNumber/4) 
      Case cbytMethodAverage 
       dblPosition = (Int((lngNumber + 1)/4) + Int(lngNumber/4))/2 + 1 
      Case cbytMethodNearestInteger 
       dblPosition = Int((lngNumber + 2)/4) 
      Case cbytMethodParzen 
       dblPosition = lngNumber/4 
      Case cbytMethodHazen 
       dblPosition = (lngNumber + 2)/4 
      Case cbytMethodWeibull 
       dblPosition = (lngNumber + 1)/4 
      Case cbytMethodFreundPerles 
       dblPosition = (lngNumber + 3)/4 
      Case cbytMethodMedianPosition 
       dblPosition = (3 * lngNumber + 5)/12 
      Case cbytMethodBernardLevenbach 
       dblPosition = (lngNumber/4) + 0.4 
      Case cbytMethodBlom 
       dblPosition = (4 * lngNumber + 7)/16 
      Case cbytMethodMoore1 
       dblPosition = (lngNumber + 0.5)/4 
      Case cbytMethodMoore2 
       dblPosition = (Int((lngNumber + 1)/4) + Int(lngNumber/4))/2 + 1 
      Case cbytMethodTukey 
       dblPosition = (1 - Int(-lngNumber/2))/2 
      Case cbytMethodTukeyMM 
       dblPosition = (Int(lngNumber/2) + 1)/2 
      Case cbytMethodModWeibull 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber/4)/(lngNumber + 1) 
      Case cbytMethodModBlom 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber/4 - 3/8)/(lngNumber + 1/4) 
      Case cbytMethodModTukey 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber/4 - 1/3)/(lngNumber + 1/3) 
      Case cbytMethodModCunnane 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber/4 - 2/5)/(lngNumber + 1/5) 
      Case cbytMethodModGringorten 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber/4 - 0.44)/(lngNumber + 0.12) 
      Case cbytMethodModHazen 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber/4 - 1/2)/lngNumber 
      End Select 
     Case cbytQuartHigh 
      Select Case bytMethod 
      Case cbytMethodMendenhallSincich 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - (-Int(-lngNumber/4)) 
      Case cbytMethodAverage 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - (Int((lngNumber + 1)/4) + Int(lngNumber/4))/2 + 1 
      Case cbytMethodNearestInteger 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - Int((lngNumber + 2)/4) 
      Case cbytMethodParzen 
       dblPosition = 3 * lngNumber/4 
      Case cbytMethodHazen 
       dblPosition = 3 * (lngNumber + 2)/4 
      Case cbytMethodWeibull 
       dblPosition = 3 * (lngNumber + 1)/4 
      Case cbytMethodFreundPerles 
       dblPosition = (3 * lngNumber + 1)/4 
      Case cbytMethodMedianPosition 
       dblPosition = (9 * lngNumber + 7)/12 
      Case cbytMethodBernardLevenbach 
       dblPosition = (3 * lngNumber/4) + 0.6 
      Case cbytMethodBlom 
       dblPosition = (12 * lngNumber + 9)/16 
      Case cbytMethodMoore1 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - (lngNumber + 0.5)/4 
      Case cbytMethodMoore2 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - (Int((lngNumber + 1)/4) + Int(lngNumber/4))/2 + 1 
      Case cbytMethodTukey 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - (1 - Int(-lngNumber/2))/2 
      Case cbytMethodTukeyMM 
       dblPosition = lngNumber - (Int(lngNumber/2) + 1)/2 
      Case cbytMethodModWeibull 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber/4)/(lngNumber + 1) 
      Case cbytMethodModBlom 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber/4 - 3/8)/(lngNumber + 1/4) 
      Case cbytMethodModTukey 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber/4 - 1/3)/(lngNumber + 1/3) 
      Case cbytMethodModCunnane 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber/4 - 2/5)/(lngNumber + 1/5) 
      Case cbytMethodModGringorten 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber/4 - 0.44)/(lngNumber + 0.12) 
      Case cbytMethodModHazen 
       dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber/4 - 1/2)/lngNumber 
      End Select 
     End Select 
     Select Case bytQuartile 
     Case cbytQuartMinimum, cbytQuartMaximum 
      ' Read current row. 
     Case Else 
      .MoveFirst 
      ' Find position of first observation to retrieve. 
      ' If lngPosition is 0, then upper position is first record. 
      ' If lngPosition is not 0 and position is not an integer, then 
      ' read the next observation too. 
      lngPosition = Fix(dblPosition) 
      dblInterpol = dblPosition - lngPosition 
      If lngNumber = 1 Then 
      ' Nowhere else to move. 
      If dblInterpol < 0 Then 
       ' Prevent values to be created by extrapolation beyond zero from observation one 
       ' for these methods: 
       ' cbytMethodModBlom 
       ' cbytMethodModTukey 
       ' cbytMethodModCunnane 
       ' cbytMethodModGringorten 
       ' cbytMethodModHazen 
       ' 
       ' Comment this line out, if reading by extrapolation *is* requested. 
       dblInterpol = 0 
      End If 
      ElseIf lngPosition > 1 Then 
      ' Move to record to read. 
      .Move lngPosition - 1 
      End If 
     End Select 
     ' Retrieve value from first observation. 
     dblValueOne = .Fields(0).Value 

     Select Case bytQuartile 
     Case cbytQuartMinimum, cbytQuartMaximum 
      dblQuartile = dblValueOne 
     Case Else 
      If dblInterpol = 0 Then 
      ' Only one observation to read. 
      If lngPosition = 0 Then 
       ' Return 0. 
      Else 
       dblQuartile = dblValueOne 
      End If 
      Else 
      If lngPosition = 0 Then 
       ' No first observation to retrieve. 
       dblValueTwo = dblValueOne 
       If dblValueOne > 0 Then 
       ' Use 0 as other observation. 
       dblValueOne = 0 
       Else 
       dblValueOne = 2 * dblValueOne 
       End If 
      Else 
       ' Move to next observation. 
       .MoveNext 
       ' Retrieve value from second observation. 
       dblValueTwo = .Fields(0).Value 
      End If 
      ' For positive values interpolate between 0 and dblValueOne. 
      ' For negative values interpolate between 2 * dblValueOne and dblValueOne. 
      ' Calculate quartile using linear interpolation. 
      dblQuartile = dblValueOne + dblInterpol * CDec(dblValueTwo - dblValueOne) 
      End If 
     End Select 
    End If 
    .Close 
    End With 
Else 
    ' Reset. 
    Set rst = Nothing 
    Set dbs = Nothing 
End If 

''Set rst = Nothing 

    GetQuartile = dblQuartile 

End Function 

Answer 1

你不提供任何样本数据和预期的结果，但是 - 作为函数可以返回一个值只有 - 你将最有可能不得不使用子查询，你加入到主查询功能在主要查询中分组的字段上。通过这种方式，您将在主要查询中过滤您分组的值。

这会给你请求的四分位数。 Min，Max和Median可以通过Access的本地功能获得。

编辑

事实上，它可能是这样的：

SELECT 
    GroupByField, 
    GetQuartile("YourTable","ValueField",1,"GroupByField='" & [GroupByField] & "'") AS Q1, 
    GetQuartile("YourTable","ValueField",2,"GroupByField='" & [GroupByField] & "'") AS Q2, 
    GetQuartile("YourTable","ValueField",3,"GroupByField='" & [GroupByField] & "'") AS Q3, 
      (Select Avg(ValueField) 
      From YourTable As T 
      Where T.GroupByField = YourTable.GroupByField;) AS 
    AvgValue 
  FROM 
    YourTable 
  GROUP BY 
    GroupByField;