0

我试图使用指数拟合来估计衰减率,但我对两种方法为什么不给出相同结果感到困惑。为什么这些曲线拟合结果不匹配?

在第一种情况下,将数据记录线性化问题与Excel的指数趋势线拟合匹配。我曾预计直接拟合指数将是相同的。

import numpy as np 
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit 

def exp_func(x, a, b): 
    return a * np.exp(-b * x) 

def lin_func(x, m, b): 
    return m*x + b 

xdata = [1065.0, 1080.0, 1095.0, 1110.0, 1125.0, 1140.0, 1155.0, 1170.0, 1185.0, 1200.0, 1215.0, 1230.0, 1245.0, 1260.0, 1275.0, 1290.0, 1305.0, 1320.0, 1335.0, 1350.0, 1365.0, 1380.0, 1395.0, 1410.0, 1425.0, 1440.0, 1455.0, 1470.0, 1485.0, 1500.0] 
ydata = [21.3934, 17.14985, 11.2703, 13.284, 12.28465, 12.46925, 12.6315, 12.1292, 10.32762, 8.509195, 14.5393, 12.02665, 10.9383, 11.23325, 6.03988, 9.34904, 8.08941, 6.847, 5.938535, 6.792715, 5.520765, 6.16601, 5.71889, 4.949725, 7.62808, 5.5079, 3.049625, 4.8566, 3.26551, 3.50161] 

xdata = np.array(xdata) 
xdata = xdata - xdata.min() + 1 
ydata = np.array(ydata) 
lydata = np.log(ydata) 

lopt, lcov = curve_fit(lin_func, xdata, lydata) 
elopt = [np.exp(lopt[1]),-lopt[0]] 

eopt, ecov = curve_fit(exp_func, xdata, ydata, p0=elopt) 

print 'elopt: {},{}'.format(*elopt) 
print 'eopt: {},{}'.format(*eopt) 

结果:

elopt: 17.2526204283,0.00343624199064 
eopt: 17.1516384575,0.00330590568338 

回答

1

您正在解决两个不同的优化问题。 curve_fit()假设噪声eps_i是加性的(并且有些是高斯的)。否则它不会提供最佳结果。

假设你想用最小化Sum (y_i - f(x_i))**2

f(x) = a * Exp(-b * x) + eps_i

其中eps_i您要消除i个数据项的未知错误。取对数结果

Log(f(x)) = Log(a*Exp(-b*x) + eps_i)!=Log(Exp(Log(a) - b*x)) + eps_i

可以解释指数方程具有附加的噪声。您的线性版本有乘性噪声mu_i,因为:

g(x) = a * mu_i * Exp(-b*x)

结果

Log(g(x) = Log(a) - b * x + Log(mu_i)

总之,你只会得到相同的结果时的错误eps_i的幅度是非常小的。