我使用numpy来计算循环矩阵的特征值和特征向量。这里是我的代码(Hji for j = 1,2 ... 6是预定义的):numpy似乎为循环矩阵返回错误的本征向量
>>> import numpy as np
>>> H = np.array([H1i, H2i, H3i, H4i, H5i, H6i])
>>> H
array([[ 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1.],
[ 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1.],
[ 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.]])
>>> from numpy import linalg as LA
>>> w, v = LA.eig(H)
>>> w
array([-2., 2., 1., -1., -1., 1.])
>>> v
array([[ 0.40824829, -0.40824829, -0.57735027, 0.57732307, 0.06604706,
0.09791921],
[-0.40824829, -0.40824829, -0.28867513, -0.29351503, -0.5297411 ,
-0.4437968 ],
[ 0.40824829, -0.40824829, 0.28867513, -0.28380804, 0.46369403,
-0.54171601],
[-0.40824829, -0.40824829, 0.57735027, 0.57732307, 0.06604706,
-0.09791921],
[ 0.40824829, -0.40824829, 0.28867513, -0.29351503, -0.5297411 ,
0.4437968 ],
[-0.40824829, -0.40824829, -0.28867513, -0.28380804, 0.46369403,
0.54171601]])
特征值是正确的。然而,对于本征向量,我发现它们不是线性独立
>>> V = np.zeros((6,6))
>>> for i in range(6):
... for j in range(6):
... V[i,j] = np.dot(v[:,i], v[:,j])
...
>>> V
array([[ 1.00000000e+00, -2.77555756e-17, -2.49800181e-16,
-3.19189120e-16, -1.11022302e-16, 2.77555756e-17],
[ -2.77555756e-17, 1.00000000e+00, -1.24900090e-16,
-1.11022302e-16, -8.32667268e-17, 0.00000000e+00],
[ -2.49800181e-16, -1.24900090e-16, 1.00000000e+00,
-1.52655666e-16, 8.32667268e-17, -1.69601044e-01],
[ -3.19189120e-16, -1.11022302e-16, -1.52655666e-16,
1.00000000e+00, 1.24034735e-01, -8.32667268e-17],
[ -1.11022302e-16, -8.32667268e-17, 8.32667268e-17,
1.24034735e-01, 1.00000000e+00, -1.66533454e-16],
[ 2.77555756e-17, 0.00000000e+00, -1.69601044e-01,
-8.32667268e-17, -1.66533454e-16, 1.00000000e+00]])
>>>
可以看到有非对角线项(查看V [2,5] = -1.69601044e-01),这意味着它们不是线性独立向量。由于这是一个Hermitian矩阵,它的特征向量如何变得依赖?
顺便说一句,我也用MATLAB来计算的话,它返回正确的价值
V =
0.4082 -0.2887 -0.5000 0.5000 0.2887 -0.4082
-0.4082 -0.2887 0.5000 0.5000 -0.2887 -0.4082
0.4082 0.5774 0 0 -0.5774 -0.4082
-0.4082 -0.2887 -0.5000 -0.5000 -0.2887 -0.4082
0.4082 -0.2887 0.5000 -0.5000 0.2887 -0.4082
-0.4082 0.5774 0 0 0.5774 -0.4082
D =
-2.0000 0 0 0 0 0
0 -1.0000 0 0 0 0
0 0 -1.0000 0 0 0
0 0 0 1.0000 0 0
0 0 0 0 1.0000 0
0 0 0 0 0 2.0000
非对角线项大致为0.0000000000000001。由于浮点数学的不精确性,它们只是“舍入误差”。 – BrenBarn
@BrenBarn。对不起,我没有说清楚,你可以查看V [2,5] = -1.69601044e-01。 – Aaron