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我正在使用基于SDL 1 C++库的Python库“Pygame”升级到使用更现代的OpenGL代码。我有一个绘制矩形2000一个简单的Pygame程序：如何加速使用Python，Pyglet和顶点缓冲区编写的OpenGL代码？
import pygame
import random
import time
# Define some colors
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
class Rectangle():
'''Draw a rectangle'''
def __init__(self):
'''These are the rectangle's attributes.'''
self.x = 0
self.y = 0
self.width = 0
self.height = 0
self.change_x = 0
self.change_y = 0
self.color = [0, 0, 0]
def draw(self, screen):
'''Drawing the rectangle.'''
pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, [self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height])
def move(self):
'''Moving the rectangle around the screen.'''
self.x += self.change_x
self.y += self.change_y
def main():
pygame.init()
# Set the width and height of the screen [width, height]
size = (700, 500)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("My Game")
# Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
my_list = []
color_list = []
'''Creates 1000 rectangles.'''
for i in range(2000):
my_object = Rectangle()
r = random.randrange(256)
g = random.randrange(256)
b = random.randrange(256)
my_object.color = [r, g, b]
color_list.append(my_object)
my_object.x = random.randrange(701)
my_object.y = random.randrange(501)
my_object.change_x = random.randrange(-3, 4)
my_object.change_y = random.randrange(-3, 4)
my_object.width = random.randrange(20, 71)
my_object.height = random.randrange(20, 71)
my_list.append(my_object)
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while not done:
# --- Main event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
screen.fill(WHITE)
# Start the clock
start = time.time()
for item in my_list:
item.draw(screen)
item.move()
# --- Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.flip()
# End the clock
elapsed = time.time() - start
print(elapsed)
# --- Limit to 60 frames per second
clock.tick(60)
# Close the window and quit.
pygame.quit()
main()
在我的电脑需要大约0.012秒，得出每一帧。
我也有一个程序使用Python Pyglet库来访问OpenGL。我正在使用顶点缓冲区来加快速度。这里的代码：
"""
This example uses OpenGL via Pyglet and draws
a bunch of rectangles on the screen.
"""
import random
import time
import pyglet.gl as GL
import pyglet
import ctypes
# Set up the constants
SCREEN_WIDTH = 700
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 500
RECT_WIDTH = 50
RECT_HEIGHT = 50
class VertexBuffer():
""" Class to hold vertex buffer info. """
def __init__(self, vbo_id, size, width, height, color):
self.vbo_id = vbo_id
self.size = size
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.color = color
def create_rect(width, height, color):
""" Create a vertex buffer for a rectangle. """
v2f = [-width/2, -height/2,
width/2, -height/2,
width/2, height/2,
-width/2, height/2]
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2, GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(v2f)//2, width, height, color)
return shape
def render_rect_filled(shape, x, y):
""" Render the shape at the right spot. """
# Set color
GL.glDisable(GL.GL_BLEND)
GL.glColor4ub(shape.color[0], shape.color[1], shape.color[2], 255)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, shape.vbo_id)
GL.glVertexPointer(2, GL.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0)
GL.glLoadIdentity()
GL.glTranslatef(x + shape.width/2, y + shape.height/2, 0)
GL.glDrawArrays(GL.GL_QUADS, 0, shape.size)
class Rectangle():
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, delta_x, delta_y, color):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.delta_x = delta_x
self.delta_y = delta_y
self.color = color
self.vbo = create_rect(self.width, self.height, self.color)
def move(self):
self.x += self.delta_x
self.y += self.delta_y
def draw(self):
render_rect_filled(self.vbo, self.x, self.y)
class MyApplication():
""" Main application class. """
def setup(self):
""" Set up the game and initialize the variables. """
# Set background to white
GL.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.shape_list = []
for i in range(2000):
x = random.randrange(0, SCREEN_WIDTH)
y = random.randrange(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
width = random.randrange(20, 71)
height = random.randrange(20, 71)
d_x = random.randrange(-3, 4)
d_y = random.randrange(-3, 4)
red = random.randrange(256)
green = random.randrange(256)
blue = random.randrange(256)
alpha = random.randrange(256)
shape_type = random.randrange(2)
shape = Rectangle(x, y, width, height, d_x, d_y, (red, green, blue))
self.shape_list.append(shape)
def animate(self, dt):
""" Move everything """
for shape in self.shape_list:
shape.move()
def on_draw(self):
"""
Render the screen.
"""
start = time.time()
GL.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
GL.glMatrixMode(GL.GL_MODELVIEW)
GL.glEnableClientState(GL.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
for shape in self.shape_list:
shape.draw()
elapsed = time.time() - start
print(elapsed)
def main():
window = pyglet.window.Window(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
app = MyApplication()
app.setup()
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(app.animate, 1/60)
@window.event
def on_draw():
window.clear()
app.on_draw()
pyglet.app.run()
main()
OpenGL代码需要0.056秒来绘制每个帧。我希望能够接近Pygame的表现。甚至更好。我可以采取哪些OpenGL技巧来提高速度？