在Windows XP上使用pip和virtualenv安装psycopg2

Question

我正在关注Heroku的“Heroku上的Django入门”文章，并且在“pip install psycopg2”上发生了一连串的错误。 Django 1.5.1和PostgreSQL 9.2.4已经安装，是的，postgres \ bin \，\ include \目录在PATH上。

C:\Python27\Scripts> 
C:\Python27\Scripts>cd C:\Projects\hellodjango 

C:\Projects\hellodjango>pip install psycopg2 
Downloading/unpacking psycopg2 
    Downloading psycopg2-2.5.1.tar.gz (684kB): 684kB downloaded 
    Running setup.py egg_info for package psycopg2 

Installing collected packages: psycopg2 
    Running setup.py install for psycopg2 
    building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension 
    c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /M 
D /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 "-DPSYCOPG_VERSION=\"2.5.1 (d 
t dec pq3 ext)\"" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08020B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW 
_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -IC:\Python27\include -IC:\Python27\PC -I. -I/usr/ 
include -I/usr/include/postgresql/server /Tcpsycopg\psycopgmodule.c /Fobuild\tem 
p.win32-2.7\Release\psycopg\psycopgmodule.obj 
    psycopgmodule.c 
    .\psycopg/psycopg.h(31) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'libp 
q-fe.h': No such file or directory 
    error: command '"c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe" 
' failed with exit status 2 
    Complete output from command C:\Python27\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__ 
file__='c:\\docume~1\\admini~1\\locals~1\\temp\\pip-build-Administrator\\psycopg 
2\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 
'exec'))" install --record c:\docume~1\admini~1\locals~1\temp\pip-ewegoh-record 
\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed: 
    running install 

running build 

running build_py 

creating build 

creating build\lib.win32-2.7 

creating build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\errorcodes.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\extensions.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\extras.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\pool.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\psycopg1.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\tz.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\_json.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\_range.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

copying lib\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2 

creating build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\dbapi20.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\dbapi20_tpc.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\testconfig.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\testutils.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_async.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_bugX000.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_bug_gc.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_cancel.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_connection.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_copy.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_cursor.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_dates.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_extras_dictcursor.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_green.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_lobject.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_module.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_notify.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_psycopg2_dbapi20.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_quote.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_transaction.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_types_basic.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_types_extras.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\test_with.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

copying tests\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\psycopg2\tests 

running build_ext 

building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension 

creating build\temp.win32-2.7 

creating build\temp.win32-2.7\Release 

creating build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\psycopg 

c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W 
3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 "-DPSYCOPG_VERSION=\"2.5.1 (dt de 
c pq3 ext)\"" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08020B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOO 
LEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -IC:\Python27\include -IC:\Python27\PC -I. -I/usr/incl 
ude -I/usr/include/postgresql/server /Tcpsycopg\psycopgmodule.c /Fobuild\temp.wi 
n32-2.7\Release\psycopg\psycopgmodule.obj 

psycopgmodule.c 

.\psycopg/psycopg.h(31) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'libpq-fe 
.h': No such file or directory 

error: command '"c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe"' fa 
iled with exit status 2 

---------------------------------------- 
Command C:\Python27\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\docume~1\\adm 
ini~1\\locals~1\\temp\\pip-build-Administrator\\psycopg2\\setup.py';exec(compile 
(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --reco 
rd c:\docume~1\admini~1\locals~1\temp\pip-ewegoh-record\install-record.txt --sin 
gle-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\docume~1\admini~1\ 
locals~1\temp\pip-build-Administrator\psycopg2 
Storing complete log in C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\pip\pip.log 

C:\Projects\hellodjango> 

我该如何解决这个错误？

Answer 1

的psycopg2构建脚本调用pg_config.exe发现你的PostgreSQL include和lib目录的位置（因为它需要libpq-fe.h和libpq.lib从那里）。

这通常通过将C:\PostgreSQL\bin目录添加到PATH环境变量来解决。

但是您的问题似乎是，你有Cygwin的安装PostgreSQL的，因此pg_config脚本告诉使用/usr/include，但在Visual Studio C编译器试图找到它在c:\usr\include，而它实际上是在Cygwin安装目录下的位置，像c:\cygwin\usr\include。

一个快速和肮脏的修复方法是暂时将您的Cygwin include和lib目录复制到C:\usr并再次运行pip。

或者您可以安装PostgreSQL窗口二进制文件并将PATH变量指向它们，因此所用的pg_config.exe不会是Cygwin文件。

如果您还编译过程中看到此错误：

error: command 'mt.exe' failed with exit status 31 

你必须应用此修复程序：https://stackoverflow.com/a/20050195

大约是添加：

ld_args.append('/MANIFEST') 

要msvc9compiler.py在此行之后：

ld_args.append('/MANIFESTFILE:' + temp_manifest) 

或者你可以避免这一切，并使用psycopg2预编译的二进制文件。