VBO的纹理浮雕纹理

看起来好像我在我的游戏中纹理VBOs时遇到了一些麻烦。 VBO本身似乎渲染得很好，我甚至可以相应地切换面部。但是，当我尝试添加纹理时，一切看起来都是歪斜的，有些纹理甚至出现在错误的面上。当我使用VAO的时候，一切正常，所以我目前不知道为什么纹理突然不起作用。VBO的纹理浮雕纹理

这里是一个形象：

enter image description here

这里是相关的数据：

private static uint frontFaceHandle; 
     private static uint backFaceHandle; 
     private static uint leftFaceHandle; 
     private static uint rightFaceHandle; 
     private static uint topFaceHandle; 
     private static uint bottomFaceHandle; 


     private static uint indexBufferId; 
     private static uint colorBufferId; 
     private static uint texCoordBufferId; 

     private static float[] textureCoordData = { 
      0, 1, 
      1, 1, 
      1, 0, 
      0, 0, 
     }; 

     private static ushort[] indices = { 
      0, 1, 3, 
      0, 3, 2 
     }; 

     private static float[] colorData = { 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
      1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 
     }; 

     private static float[] frontFaceVert = { 
      -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 
      -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 
      -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
      -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f 
     }; 

     private static float[] backFaceVert = { 
      1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 
      1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 
      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
      1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
     }; 

     private static float[] leftFaceVert = { 
      1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 
      -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 
      1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
      -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
     }; 

     private static float[] rightFaceVert = { 
      -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 
      1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 
      -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
     }; 

     private static float[] topFaceVert = { 
      -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
      1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
      -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
      1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
     }; 

     private static float[] bottomFaceVert = { 
      -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 
      1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 
      -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 
      1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 
     };

我上传数据的方式：

static Voxel() { 
      /** 
      * Front Face 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out frontFaceHandle); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , frontFaceHandle); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(frontFaceVert.Length * sizeof(float)) , 
       frontFaceVert , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Back Face 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out backFaceHandle); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , backFaceHandle); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(backFaceVert.Length * sizeof(float)) , 
       backFaceVert , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Left Face 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out leftFaceHandle); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , leftFaceHandle); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(leftFaceVert.Length * sizeof(float)) , 
       leftFaceVert , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Right Face 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out rightFaceHandle); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , rightFaceHandle); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(rightFaceVert.Length * sizeof(float)) , 
       rightFaceVert , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Top Face 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out topFaceHandle); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , topFaceHandle); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(topFaceVert.Length * sizeof(float)) , 
       topFaceVert , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Bottom Face 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out bottomFaceHandle); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , bottomFaceHandle); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(bottomFaceVert.Length * sizeof(float)) , 
       bottomFaceVert , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Texture Buffer 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out texCoordBufferId); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
      GL.BufferData(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , (IntPtr)(textureCoordData.Length * sizeof(float)) , textureCoordData , BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 

      /** 
      * Index Buffer 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out indexBufferId); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)(indices.Length * sizeof(ushort)) , 
       indices , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
      /** 
      * Color buffer (This Remains unused for now 
      */ 
      GL.GenBuffers(1 , out colorBufferId); 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , colorBufferId); 
      GL.BufferData(
       BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , 
       (IntPtr)colorData.Length , 
       colorData , 
       BufferUsageHint.StaticDraw); 
     }

而且我的方式绘制立方体（每张脸都是独立的vbo）：

public void Render(FirstPersonCameraWidget gameCamera) { 
      GL.Translate(Location.X , Location.Y , Location.Z); 
      GL.Enable(EnableCap.Texture2D); 
      GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.VertexArray); 
      GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray); 
      if(ShowFrontFace) { 

       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , frontFaceHandle); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.TextureBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
       GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.FrontFace.GetID()); 
       GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero); 
      } 
      if(ShowBackFace) { 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , backFaceHandle); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.TextureBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
       GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.BackFace.GetID()); 
       GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero); 
      } 
      if(ShowLeftFace) { 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , leftFaceHandle); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.TextureBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
       GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.LeftFace.GetID()); 
       GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero); 
      } 
      if(ShowRightFace) { 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , rightFaceHandle); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.TextureBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
       GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.RightFace.GetID()); 
       GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero); 
      } 
      if(ShowTopFace) { 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , topFaceHandle); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.TextureBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
       GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.TopFace.GetID()); 
       GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero); 
      } 
      if(ShowBottomFace) { 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , bottomFaceHandle); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.TextureBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
       GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
       GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 
       GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.BottomFace.GetID()); 
       GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero); 
      } 
      GL.Translate(-Location.X , -Location.Y , -Location.Z); 
     }

希望有人能够发现我做错了什么。

更新：我已修复@Andom M. Coleman的建议，它的工作原理，但立方体仍然略微歪斜。

enter image description here

来源

2014-09-20 Krythic

您正在使用不同的维也纳组织你的纹理坐标阵列和阵位，是否正确？有没有对这些事情的离散结合的位置，你的代码实际上应该是这样的：

 if(ShowFrontFace) { 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , frontFaceHandle); 
      GL.VertexPointer(3 , VertexPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 

      // ArrayBuffer! 
      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , texCoordBufferId); 
      GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero); 

      GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D , TextureAtlas.FrontFace.GetID()); 

      GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer , indexBufferId); 
      GL.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles , 6 , DrawElementsType.UnsignedShort , IntPtr.Zero);

_{注：BufferTarget.TextureBuffer实际上是一个完全不同的使用缓冲对象（纹理缓冲对象）。}

顶点缓冲区，你将永远将它们绑定到BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer再下gl___CoordPointer (...)通话将相对于无论是当前绑定的存在。

在您的原始代码中，因为BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer只被设置一次，所以您的纹理坐标指针实际上来自与您的顶点位置相同的一组数据。这显然不是你想要的行为。实际上，如果你想获得幻想，你可以将纹理指针的规格从分支中拉出来，因为它是不变的。只要做到以下每次一旦你画你的立方体：

  GL.BindBuffer  (BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer , texCoordBufferId ); 
      GL.TexCoordPointer(2 , TexCoordPointerType.Float , 0 , IntPtr.Zero);

来源

2014-09-20 19:41:54

@Andom M.科尔曼请参阅编辑的问题。 – Krythic 2014-09-20 19:58:12

但我肯定会这样做，你知道为什么我的纹理仍然略有偏斜吗？它是我的纹理坐标吗？ – Krythic 2014-09-20 20:02:00

是的，从你的顶点位置设置的方式来看，我认为你的坐标实际上应该是：0,0 0,1 1,0 1,1。 – 2014-09-20 20:03:24

VBO的纹理浮雕纹理

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