在D语言中用OpenGL 3渲染简单的矩形

Question

我疯了，因为我无法在屏幕上出现一组简单的三角形。

我正在使用OpenGL3（没有弃用的固定管道）使用D编程语言的废弃绑定。

你能在下面的程序中发现错误吗？它编译得很好，不会抛出任何OpenGL/GLSL错误。它只是显示我设置的清晰颜色的空白屏幕。

import std.string; 
import std.conv; 
import derelict.opengl3.gl3; 
import derelict.sdl2.sdl2; 

immutable string minimalVertexShader = ` 
#version 120 
attribute vec2 position; 
void main(void) 
{ 
    gl_Position = vec4(position, 0, 1); 
} 
`; 

immutable string minimalFragmentShader = ` 
#version 120 
void main(void) 
{ 
    gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); 
} 
`; 

void main() { 
    DerelictSDL2.load(); 
    DerelictGL3.load(); 

    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) { 
     throw new Exception("Failed to initialize SDL: " ~ to!string(SDL_GetError())); 
    } 

    // Set OpenGL version 
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3); 
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 2); 

    // Set OpenGL attributes 
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1); 
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24); 

    auto sdlwindow = SDL_CreateWindow("D App", 
     SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 
     640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN); 

    if (!sdlwindow) 
     throw new Exception("Failed to create a SDL window: " ~ to!string(SDL_GetError())); 

    SDL_GL_CreateContext(sdlwindow); 
    DerelictGL3.reload(); 

    float[] vertices = [ -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1]; 
    ushort[] indices = [0, 1, 2, 3]; 
    uint vbo, ibo; 
    // Create VBO 
    glGenBuffers(1, &vbo); 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); 
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.sizeof, vertices.ptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW); 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 

    // Create IBO 
    glGenBuffers(1, &ibo); 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo); 
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.sizeof, indices.ptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW); 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 

    // Program 
    auto program = glCreateProgram(); 
    // Vertex Shader 
    auto vsh = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); 
    auto vshSrc = minimalVertexShader.toStringz; 
    glShaderSource(vsh, 1, &vshSrc, null); 
    glCompileShader(vsh); 
    glAttachShader(program, vsh); 
    // Fragment Shader 
    auto fsh = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); 
    auto fshSrc = minimalFragmentShader.toStringz; 
    glShaderSource(fsh, 1, &fshSrc, null); 
    glCompileShader(fsh); 
    glAttachShader(program, fsh); 

    glLinkProgram(program); 
    glUseProgram(program); 

    auto position = glGetAttribLocation(program, "position"); 
    auto run = true; 

    while (run) { 
     SDL_Event event; 
     while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) { 
      switch (event.type) { 
       case SDL_QUIT: 
        run = false; 
       default: 
        break; 
      } 
     } 

     glClearColor(1, 0.9, 0.8, 1); 
     glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); 
     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); 
     glEnableVertexAttribArray(position); 
     glVertexAttribPointer(position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vertices.sizeof, null); 
     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo); 
     glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, null); 
     glDisableVertexAttribArray(position); 

     SDL_GL_SwapWindow(sdlwindow); 
    } 
} 

Answer 1

在此行中：

glVertexAttribPointer(position, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vertices.sizeof, null); 

你确定你想要vertices.sizeof，其中有16个值？在D中，动态数组是一个具有两个成员的结构（ptr和length）。您可能需要float.sizeof或float.sizeof * 2。

而你的BufferData调用也是如此。